Irregular VerbsBeginners Lesson Four is all about those verbs in Korean that are just plain weird. Irregular verbs in Korean are actually not too bad though! In Beginners Lesson Three, you were introduced to Korean verbs and the irregular verb patterns . The verbs on this page are different. These verbs are commonly used verbs, but either have more than one meaning, are used weird, etc. instead of being irregular patterns . You will see what I mean, right now! Verb - Polite Style 이다The first irregular verb that I need to cover here is definitely what many books and courses will call the copula . Basically, it is the verb of equality. Equality? What is that?!? In English, we may say "It is a book." "It" is equal to "book". It is pretty much the verb "to be." If you look in a dictionary, you will see The verb root is 이. This verb will follow it's own pattern however. It doesn't fit any pattern and just needs to be learned. The polite form will be 이에요 if it comes after a consonant, or 예요 if it comes after a vowel. You will also see it spelled 에요 after a vowel. When spoken, it will sound more like 에요 after a vowel. Let's practice with a sentence. We will use the same sentence as the example in English. Book in Korean is Since 책 ends in a consonant, we should use the polite ending 이에요. With most normal verbs, there is a space between the verb and any other words, but the copula is a special case. There is no space in between the two words. Also, in Korean sentence structure is different. I feel the best way for you to understand it and get used to it is just to see it. The verb falls at the end of the sentence always . Other words fall before the verb. So, since our verb of "to be" is 이에요, that will fall at the end. There is no space between 이에요 and the word it is describing, so, our sentence comes out to be As you see, this is like "book-to be". The structure is different, but you will get used to it as you see more and more of it. 책이에요 means "It is a book." Let's see a couple more examples. Remember, you don't need to remember every noun you see yet. Memorize what you find on the homework page. 연필 차 차 means car. It ends in ㅏ which is a vowel. Because it ends in a vowel, the correct spelling of 이다 would be 예요. The sentence would be 차예요, meaning "It is a car." Do you understand it a little better now? If so, then let's look at this, and then there will be some practice problems. Verb - Casual Style 이다Many resources choose to teach you mostly one style first, usually polite style, and then much later return to teach you the other commonly used style. I feel it is best to teach you them both from the start, because they both are very important if you plan on learning Korean well. If we put off one, you will not be as strong with it. If we teach both, you will learn at a slower pace at first, but will learn faster later on and the whole time you will be learning more efficiently. So, here it is! 이다 has two polite forms, depending on whether it follows a consonant or vowel, and so does the casual form. If 이다 follows a consonant, it is spelled 이야. If 이다 follows a vowel, it is spelled 야. Lets use the same three examples as above so that you may compare the two forms. The first one used the word 책, or book, in the example. The polite style was 책이에요. Since 책 ends in ㄱ, a consonant, the casual style form should be 이야. If we put this with 책, we get 책이야. 책이야 and 책이에요 mean the exact same thing! The only difference is who we are speaking with. As previous lessons covered, if we speak with someone older or a teacher or anyone who deserves more respect, we would use the polite form 책이에요. If we are speaking with our close friends, we can just use 책이야. That is the only difference! It is something you will get used to as you learn Korean. The second example sentence was 연필이에요, meaning "It is a pencil." This ends in ㄹ, a consonant, so we will add 이야 to this one as well. 연필이야 is correct. 연필이야 and 연필이에요 also mean the same thing, and are only different because of who we may be speaking to. How do you say, "It is a ____"?기차 펜 사람 것 치약 전화 This also works for people and their names, as in "It's Joe" or if you were referring to yourself. In the next lesson we will see how to specify who we are referring to. 앤나 마이클
Verb - 있다있다 - Root is 있, Polite style is 있어요, Casual style is 있어. Meaning - To have or To be (location). 있다 is a special verb because it has a couple of different meanings. I feel it is a verb worth mentioning because it is an extremely common verb. Let's look at the two meanings you will see. To Have 있다 can also mean To Be, when used for location. For example, using the same sentence, 연필 있어요? could also mean "Is there a pencil?" For this sentence as it is, it pretty much means the same thing. You are wanting a pencil and are asking if there is one or if they have one or whichever. Later, you will see the difference easier as we learn how to make our sentences longer and more complex. If we said "(In the room) 연필 있어요?" then we can automatically assume it is talking about location. If we say "(Anna) 연필 있어요?" Then we can automatically assume we are talking about possession. Anna 차 있어요?
I think this is the perfect place to stop for now. Also, if you would review and memorize this section on the homework page, it will be of great help to you! It will contain a few basic nouns that I will use often in examples and problems. Once the word has appeared on a homework page, I will not always include the English word next to it. You may always go back and look at anything you need to, and may print whatever you need :) (Homework pages especially!) Study/Print the Homework Page Verb - 하다
|
